Peptides
Peptides, From First Principles
The chemistry is settled and genuinely elegant. The marketplace built on top of it is where the evidence stops being uniform — and the word "peptide" does a lot of work hiding that.
All articles
Everything we have published, newest first. 34 pieces across 7 topics.
2026
Peptides
Peptide Safety, Stated Honestly
For most compounds in this category there is no human safety data at all. That is the headline, not a footnote — and it changes what a safety article can responsibly say.
Peptides
The Thousandfold Error
The most preventable harm in this category is not pharmacological. It is a unit conversion done wrong — and the same mistake, made the same way, produces a dose a thousand times too large.
Peptides
Reconstitution: Which Rules Are Real
The standard guidance is a mix of genuine sterile compounding practice and folklore repeated until it hardened. The two are worth separating, because only one of them prevents infections.
Peptides
Nasal Delivery, and the Numbers Nobody Measured
Route-of-administration guides for peptides circulate with impressive precision — bioavailability percentages, dose multipliers, brain-level comparisons. Most of those numbers have no study behind them.
Peptides
What Goes Wrong at the Injection Site
Subcutaneous technique is standard patient-education material and worth getting right. The failure modes are specific, well documented, and almost entirely preventable.
Peptides
The Two Clocks
Reconstituting a vial starts two timers that measure completely different things. Almost every storage guide collapses them into one number, and that conflation is where the confusion lives.
Metabolic Health
Retatrutide: What the Trials Actually Show
The trial data is genuinely remarkable, the mechanism is elegant, and the compound is approved in no country on earth. All three of those things are true at once, and most coverage manages only the first.
Longevity
Cold Exposure: What Survives Scrutiny
Ice baths have collected an extraordinary set of claims over the last decade. A few of them hold up. One of them is the opposite of what most people believe.
Sleep
The 90-Minute Sleep Cycle Rule Is Mostly Wrong
Set your alarm for a multiple of ninety minutes and you will wake up refreshed — so the advice goes. The number is an average of a distribution nobody bothered to look at.
Nutrition
Continuous Glucose Monitors for Non-Diabetics: A Field Report
Ninety days wearing a sensor designed for a disease I do not have. I learned three genuinely useful things and spent about six weeks drawing conclusions from noise.
Nootropics
Caffeine and L-Theanine: The Stack That Survives Scrutiny
Most nootropic combinations are folklore with a supplement facts panel attached. This one has repeatedly beaten placebo in controlled trials, and the effect is smaller than the internet claims.
Sleep
I Tracked 400 Nights of Sleep. Five Things Moved the Needle
Fourteen interventions, one spreadsheet, four hundred nights. Most of what I tested did nothing measurable. Here is the short list that survived.
Training
Zone 2 Training Without the Dogma
The physiology is sound. The obsession with staying inside a narrow heart rate band, and the belief that everything else is wasted, is not.
Longevity
Sauna Frequency and Mortality: Reading the Finnish Cohort Carefully
The most-cited longevity finding in the wellness world comes from one observational cohort in eastern Finland. It is good data. It is also being asked to prove more than observational data can.
Nootropics
Creatine Is Not Just for Lifters. The Cognitive Data, Assessed
The best-evidenced sports supplement of the last thirty years has a second literature attached to it. It is smaller, messier, and more interesting than either its promoters or its critics admit.
Nutrition
Time-Restricted Eating After the Big Trials
The mouse data were spectacular. Then the randomised human trials arrived, and the picture became considerably more mundane.
Longevity
VO2 Max Is the Longevity Metric That Matters Most
Among the numbers you can measure and change, cardiorespiratory fitness has an association with mortality that dwarfs most of what gets tracked instead.
Sleep
Your Bedroom Is Probably Too Warm
Of all the sleep variables you can control, ambient temperature is the cheapest, the best understood, and the one most people have set wrong.
Training
Grip Strength Predicts Mortality. Should You Train It?
One of the most reliable predictors in epidemiology is how hard you can squeeze a device. The obvious conclusion is also the wrong one.
Nutrition
Protein: How Much You Actually Need
The official minimum and the useful target are different numbers, and the gap between them explains most of the internet argument.
Nootropics
Modafinil, Honestly
Twenty years of research, a genuine effect, a real regulatory status, and a set of trade-offs that the productivity-blog framing consistently omits.
Longevity
Biological Age Tests: Expensive Noise or Useful Signal?
You spit in a tube and receive a number telling you your body is 34 while your passport says 41. The underlying science is serious. The consumer product mostly is not.
Sleep
Blue Light Blockers: Sorting the Evidence From the Marketing
The photoreceptor biology is genuinely elegant. The consumer product built on top of it is a much weaker proposition than the packaging suggests.
Nutrition
The Green Powder Industry Runs on Vibes
Seventy-five ingredients, one proprietary blend, an enormous podcast advertising budget, and not one randomised controlled trial of the finished product.
Nootropics
The Nootropics I Stopped Taking, and Why
A supplement cabinet audit. Nine compounds went in, three came out the other side, and the reasons for each removal were different.
Training
Mobility Work: What Actually Changes Range of Motion
Stretching increases how far you can move. The reason why is not the one on the poster, and it changes what you should do about it.
Sleep
Why Your Sleep Score Is Not a Diagnosis
Wearables are good at some sleep questions and poor at others. Knowing which is which turns a source of anxiety back into a useful instrument.
Longevity
Rapamycin, Metformin, and the Gap Between Mice and Us
Two drugs dominate the longevity conversation. The animal data behind one is genuinely impressive. Neither has shown a lifespan effect in a human being.
Nootropics
How to Read a Supplement Label Like a Sceptic
Proprietary blends, fairy dusting, and the difference between a certificate of analysis and a picture of one. A field guide to the back of the bottle.
Nutrition
Hydration Myths That Refuse to Die
Eight glasses a day, thirst means you are already dehydrated, and the colour chart on the bathroom wall. Three claims, varying amounts of truth.
Sleep
Morning Light Is the Cheapest Circadian Intervention You Are Not Using
It costs nothing, takes ten minutes, and has better mechanistic support than most of what gets sold to people with sleep problems.
Training
The Minimum Effective Dose of Strength Training
Most of the benefit arrives in the first few hard sets per muscle per week. Knowing where the curve flattens is what makes a realistic programme possible.
Longevity
Breathwork Beyond the Hype: What Slow Breathing Does to HRV
Strip away the branding and there is a specific, measurable, well-characterised physiological effect at roughly six breaths per minute.